Open the website www.pgntruhs.org and you would see 2 options – PG Admissions and MDS Admissions. The website would even show the following notes, which are important for you -

Note 1 : The Candidate has to pay the fee in any SBI Branch on or before 09-02-2012, Using Web Generated Challan before Bank closing hours.
Note 2 : Last date for Online Application Submission 10-02-2012, 05:00pm
Note 3 : Last date for Submission of Printout Application with Enclosures to University on 15-02-2012, 05:00pm

Select the one you want to apply, I did for the MDS Admissions, and it would open a page -

First step you need to do is to generate a challan. Click on the 2nd option in “Select your choice” category. It will take you to the page of Challan registration, where you need to enter all the details for the challan. Check the below screenshot for that:

Once you are done with that, you will get the Challan there itself on the website, which you need to get printed. If you don’t have a printer available with you, it is best to export the challan in a PDF format, and then take that file to the internet center and get the print out done, in LANDSCAPE mode, so that the three forms come one beside the other in a full A4 size page horizontally.

Now take that challan to any “State Bank of India” branch and submit it with the fee of Rs. 1050, and you would get the stamping and signature from the bank people after the payment is done. Now in the below picture I have highlighted 3 areas, one in each part of the challan copy. In that, you need to give the first copy (extreme left one) to the bank people, and the other two have to be taken by the student with them. Tear the challan paper along the line between the bank copy and applicant copy, and give the bank copy to the bank.

Now you need to login to the website for the online form filling. This cannot be done on the same day, because the processing of the challan would happen the next day, so if you are paying the challan today, you can login to the website tomorrow after 12 noon and submit the form. If you try to login on the same day, you will see a message:

You have Not Paid the Fee / Your Challan information is Not Updated From Bank, Please Wait upto 12:00 noon of the next day of Challan Paid Date.

To login to the website, you need to enter with the following details in the page when you click on “Filling of Online Application”:

Application no: The number given in the challan, just below the barcode and above the bank seal.
Password: Your date of birth (in my case, 03/11/1987 – Password is 03111987)

Fluoride Doses:

• Safe Tolerated Dose – 8mg to 16mg/Kg Body Weight.
• Toxic Dose – 16mg to 32mg/Kg Body Weight.
• Lethal Dose – 32mg to 64mg/Kg Body Weight.
• In Acute Poisoning Fluoride causes death by blocking normal cellular metabolism.
• Death usually results from either Cardiac Failure (or) Respiratory Paralysis.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Nausea, Vomiting
• Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea
• Excess Salivation and Mucosal Discharge
• Generalized Weakness and Carpopedal Spasms
• Weak Thready Pulse, Fall in Blood Pressure
• Depression of Respiratory Center
• Decreased Plasma Calcium Level, Increased Plasma Potassium Level
• Cardiac Arrhythmia
• Coma and Death

Management of Acute Fluoride Toxicity:

Less than 5mg/Kg:

i. Give Calcium orally to relieve Gastro Intestinal symptoms and observe for few hours.
ii. Induce Vomiting

More than 5mg/Kg But Less Than 15mg/Kg Body Weight:

i. Empty the Stomach by inducing vomiting with Emetics

For patient with depressed “Gag Reflex” Induced Vomiting is Contraindicated and Endotracheal Intubation should be performed before Gastric Lavage.

i. Give orally soluble calcium in any form.
ii. Admit to Hospital and observe for few hours.

More than 15mg/Kg:

i. Admit to Hospital immediately.
ii. Induce Vomiting
iii. Begin Cardiac Monitoring
iv. Slow administer Intravenous 10% Ca+ Gluconate Solution. Additional doses may be given if Clinical Signs of Tetany develops.
v. Adequate urine output should be maintained using Diuretics if necessary.
vi. General supportive measures for Shock

If you actually know where to look and if you indeed look well enough, in many areas of the country you will definitely be able to find free dental care services. For someone who can simply not afford the price of dental care, choosing such a service is a lucky and beneficial opportunity.

The first obvious benefit advantage of going for a free dental care service is that people on a limited budget do not have to pay single penny to get treatment and care for their dental issues. For many people even dental insurance proves to be high priced and a free dental service just about happens to be the right alternative.

By choosing a free dental care service the patients have to pay nothing to the company and they still get to avail top quality dental care which they rightfully deserve. Dental care services offered by such companies are entirely free for the public.

By avoiding their dental problems people are only worsening them and they no longer need to put off the dental appointment that they direly need since they can avail the service of free dental care. Usually there are no strings attached with these free dental care services. The procedure of enrolling simply begins with the filling of a form and once it is accepted the patient can then contact a qualified dentist. For the people, benefiting from a free dental care service is pretty simple.

Buying membership into dental plans is another ideal way to take advantage of free dental care for your teeth. This not only gives you a membership that could prove useful in the future as well but ensure you get to avail dental care at any time for free. Now you no longer have too much to take care of your teeth.

Check out theses few dental quotes and sayings to make your mood better, a few written by patients and few by dentists.

Here are the various muscles of mastication:

Medial Pterygoid Muscle

The infratemporal fossa is occupied by the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. A portion of the ramus of the mandible has to be removed to see them. The medial pterygoid muscle and the masseter muscle are exactly similar.

Origin of Medial Pterygoid

The medial pterygoid muscles originate from the lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone with few of its fibers arising from the maxillary tuberosity.

Insertion of Medial Pterygoid

The fibers are inserted into the mandibular ramus while running downward, backward and even slightly laterally.

Functions of Medial Pterygoid

• Elevation (Bilateral)
• Protrusion (Bilateral)
• Contralateral excursion (Unilateral)

Blood Supply of Medial Pterygoid

Second Branch of maxillary artery

Nerve Supply of Medial Pterygoid

Undivided Branch of mandibular nerve of Trigeminal Nerve

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

The shape of the lateral pterygoid muscle is almost like a triangle, having an inferior and a superior head. Unlike the rest of the four muscles of mastication, a horizontal position is occupied by this muscle.

Origin of Lateral Pterygoid

The inferior head originates from the lateral pterygoid plate and the superior head originates from the greater wing of sphenoid bone.

Insertion of Lateral Pterygoid

The inferior head inserts into the pterygoid fovea on the condylar neck’s anterior aspect and he superior head inserts into the articular capsule and the articular disc.

Functions of Lateral Pterygoid

1. Inferior head:

• Protrusion (Bilateral)
• Depression (Bilateral)
• Contralateral excurion (Unilateral)

2. Superior head:

• Mandibular elevation
• Mandibular retrusion

Blood Supply of Lateral Pterygoid

Second Branch of maxillary artery

Nerve Supply of Lateral Pterygoid

Anterior division of mandibular nerve of Trigeminal nerve

Masseter muscle

A majority of the the ramus of the mandible is covered by this quadrilateral muscle. As a single anterior border, this muscle is a blend of a superficial and a deep portion.

Origin of Masseter

The superficial portion of the muscle originates from the the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the deep portion originates from the the zygomatic arch.

Insertion of Masseter

The superficial fibers insert into the mandible and the deep fibers insert into the upper portion of the ramus.

Functions of Masseter

Superficial head:

• Elevation (Bilateral)
• Protrusion (Bilateral)
• Ipsilateral excursion (Unilateral)

Deep head:

• Retrusion (Bilateral)

Blood Supply of Masseter

• Maxillary artery (Masseteric branch)
• Superficial temporal artery
• Facial artery

Nerve Supply of Masseter

Anterior division of mandibular nerve of Trigeminal nerve

Temporalis muscle

The zygomatic arch must be removed to see the full extent of the temporalis muscle. It lies beneath the arch and extends long way from the part of the skull to the mandible.

Origin of Temporalis

The temporalis muscle originates from the Parietal bone of the skull.

Insertion of Temporalis

The temporalis muscle inserts into the medial aspect of the mandible’s the coronoid process.

Functions of Temporalis

• Resting Tonus (Bilateral)
• Elevation (Bilateral)
• Retrusion (Bilateral)
• Ipsilateral excursion (Unilateral)

Blood Supply of Temporalis

Second part of maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

Nerve Supply of Temporalis

Anterior division of mandibular nerve of Trigeminal nerve

Types of Mouth Mirrors:

The mouth mirror is of different types, depending on the mirror type. The various types are -

• Front surface mirrors – This produces a perfect, accurate and an image free of any distortion or change in size.
  Flat surface mirrors – This type of mouth mirror is used in the disposable models.
• Concave mirrors – This type of mirror is used to magnify the image, and it makes the visible area look larger to provide a better image of the area for diagnosis, especially the gums and areas between the teeth and gums.
• Double-sided mirrors – It is used to retract the cheek or tongue, and on the same time, to view the other side in an indirect view simultaneously.

Sizes of Mouth Mirrors:

• Size 1 – Ø 16 mm
• Size 2 – Ø 18 mm
• Size 3 – Ø 20 mm
• Size 4 – Ø 22 mm
• Size 5 – Ø 24 mm

Functions of the Mouth Mirror:

• Providing indirect vision of any part of the oral cavity
• To provide indirect illumination on the gums and teeth where direct light doesn’t reach
• To retract the lips, cheek and tongue
• Viewing the back of the molar teeth, especially the last molars and the gum, tartar problems behind the last tooth

The indirect illumination (or) light reflection is most commonly needed in the posterior and lingual regions of the maxillary anterior regions. The mouth mirror even helps the dentists and hygienists prevent sitting in improper sitting positions on the side chair, which would have later caused problems due to improper posture. The poor postural problems would affect in a chronic way, especially in the neck and back region.

Apart from their usage in the Dental offices, the Dental mirrors are even used in the labs for various purposes where the direct vision is practically difficult.

The Mouth Mirrors are either made with the handle and the head attached to each other, and the entire piece has to be replaced when the image clarity doesn’t remain the same, or they are even made with the head screwed onto the handle and only the head can be replaced on the same handle later on. The mirror head is a little angled, making it easier for Dentists to send into the sulcal regions between the teeth and cheek and provide the indirect vision.

The most commonly used Mouth Mirrors are the No. 4 and No. 5 mirrors, and the No. 2 mirror is the commonly used one when a smaller area is accessible and operable, and even when a rubber dam is placed and there is little access for the mouth mirror to be placed and provide the vision and illumination.

Dry socket after a tooth extraction is developed merely by a very small percentage of people, around 2% to 5% of them. Nonetheless, dry socket is a condition can cause a lot of discomfort to those who have it. Luckily, this condition can be easily treated.

Dry Socket Causes

The hole in the bone present after the removal of a tooth is known as the socket. The bone and nerves under a removed tooth are usually protected by the formation of a blood clot. A few days after a tooth is extracted, that blood clot can even dissolve or dislodge. The bone and nerve are then left exposed to air, food, fluid and just about anything that might enter the mouth. An infection and sever pain lasting for five to six days is caused by this.

While it is hard to pinpoint the exact cause of dry socket, several issues are at play that can be suspected as the cause of this condition. Smoking, poor oral hygiene, the removal of wisdom teeth, severe bone and tissue trauma during tooth removal, using birth control pills, are some of the factors that increase the chances of an individual to get dry socket.

Dry Socket Symptoms

In case of dry socket, a dry-looking opening can be seen into the site where a tooth is removed. While there should be a blood clot, but in case of dry socket there will merely be a bone. Two days after tooth removal, people will start experiencing intense pain, in the case of dry socket. As the pain becomes more severe it can even be felt in the ear as well. Bad breath, including an unpleasant taste and smell in the mouth for no apparent reason are also symptoms of dry socket.

Dry Socket Treatment

When it comes to easing the discomfort, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) like aspirin or ibuprofen can be taken. Then again at times the pain is not relieved by these over-the-counter medications. In that case, a stronger drug or a nerve block can be prescribed by a doctor.

To promote healing, it is even wise to have the tooth socket cleaned by a dentist, so that any debris from the hole can be removed and it can be filled with some special paste or medicated dressing.

Till the socket has fully healed and the pain has lessened, people would then have to regularly visit the dentist for dressing changes. To prevent further infections in the socket, a dentist will also prescribe antibiotics and will insist on the use of a special mouth wash. Finally dental implants are placed once the socket has healed completely after one or two weeks.

Pictures of Dry Socket

Impulses form the central nervous system, which are responsible for triggering muscle contraction, are carried by a nerve called a motor nerve. Motor nerves control every voluntary muscle in the body. Thus, a motor nerve is involved whenever some decides to make a movement. To control their voluntary muscles, this highly effective system is used by every vertebrate animal. On the other hand, a different system is used to move involuntary muscles like the heart. Neurons known as motor neurons specializing to carry signals that result in muscle contraction make up these motor nerves. Muscle contraction is stimulated by chemicals that are released by a motor neuron when a motor nerve meets a muscle. The muscle again relaxes once these chemicals break down. Motor nerves can also cause muscles to contract but cannot relax them, thus they merely having an excitatory action.

Motor Neuron

The contraction or relaxation of muscles is directly or indirectly controlled be a type of cell in the nervous system that is known as a motor neuron. While controlling the contraction or relaxation of muscles, motor neurons also lead to body movement as well. Motor neurons can even be called motoneurons or efferent neurons. Information from the central nervous system is also carried by motor neurons to muscles and other systems. Due to having a unique design, a motor neuron is ideally able to service its purpose despite of being a cell. The dendrites, the cell body and the axon are the three parts composed in a motor neuron. It is from the cell body where motor neurons branch out and the electrochemical signals are received from other units of the nervous system.

Thus when it comes to muscle contraction or relaxation and body movements, motor nerves and neurons have their own individual functions.

8:00 am to 9:00 am
Registration and Reception

9:00 am to 10:10 am
PLENARY SESSION 1 – Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Chairperson: Dr. Mahendra Azad
Co-Chairperson: Dr. Suresh Sajjan

9:00 am to 9:30 am
Role of CADCAM in Prosthodontics
Speaker: Dr. Nilesh Parmar, United Kingdom

9:35 am to 10:05 am
Implantology & Bone Regeneration Therapy ” Past, Present & Future
Speaker: Dr. Dilip Deshpande, India

10:15 am to 1:00 pm
PLENARY SESSION 2 – Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Chairperson: Mats Wikstrom, Sweden
Co-chairperson:

10:15 am to 10:55 am
Complex Periodontal Problems – Complex Implantalogic Solutions
Speaker: Prof. Georg Watzek, Austria

11:05 am to 11:35 am
The Use of Cortical vs. Corticalization of Spongious bones:
2 ways to a safe immediate loading protocol
Speaker: Prof. Dr. Stefan Ihde, Germany

11:40 am to 12:10 pm
Immediate implantation and loading
Speaker: Dr. Amir Gazmave, Israel

12:15 pm to 12:45 pm
Anatomical and Clinical considerations in Implant dentistry
Speaker: Dr. Arunachalam, India

12:30 pm
Inauguration of Trade Fair

1:00 pm to 1:45 pm
Lunch (Poster display at the venue of the lunch)

1:45 pm to 4:00 pm
SESSION 3 – Options for Implant Restoration
(lectures of 30 mnts. each)
Chairperson: Dr. F. D. Mirza
Co-chairperson: Dr. Prafulla Thumati

1:45 pm to 2:15 pm
Modern Prosthodontic possibilities with implant
Speaker: Dr. Vasudevan, India

2:20 pm to 2:50pm
New implant therapies challenges for dental technicians
Speaker: Stefan Gor, Germany

2:55 pm to3: 25 pm
Fixed partial denture prosthesis – cement vs. screw retainer
Speaker: Dr. Manoj Rajan, India

3:30 pm to 4:00 pm
Functional and esthetical considerations for immediate loading of dental implants
Speaker: Dr. Florian Obadan, Germany

Tea Break

4:15 pm to 5:15 pm
Symposium 1
Chairperson: Dr M.S Gowd
Co-chairperson: Dr. Shilpa Shetty

“An active evening with Nobel Biocare”
Nobel Active: Expand Treatment Options Using Next Generation Implants
Speakers: Dr. Rajan Gunaseelan, India
Dr. Jeevan Aiyappa, India

5:15 pm to 6:00 pm
Annual General Body Meeting

6:00 pm
Formal Inauguration of the conference

7:15 pm
Sensodyne Oration Lecture (Online) – Prof. P I Branemark, Chief ABOC, Sweden.
Chairperson for the session – Dr Shailesh Divecha, President, ISOI

7:40 pm
Inaugural Dinner

Highlights of the ISOI Conference at Hyderabad:

• Excellent pre conference courses
• National and International Speakers at the event
• Company sponsored programs and lectures
• Trade fair with Implant instruments
• Live surgeries to help learn in a better way
• At HICC, a wonderful event place

International Speakers at the 18th National Conference of ISOI:

• Dr Ann Wennerberg, Sweden
• Dr James Chow, Hong Kong
• Dr Stephan Ihde, Germany
• Dr Tim Newton, England
• Dr Georg Watzek, Austria
• Dr Nilesh R. Parmar, UK
• Dr Alan M. Meltzer, USA
• Dr Amir Gazmawe, Israel
• Dr Satya Kallur, USA
• Dr Florian Obadan, Germany
• Dr Stefan Gor, Germany
• Dr Muzafar Bajwa, Germany

Indian Speakers at the 18th National Conference of ISOI:

• Dr Gunaseelan Rajan
• Dr T.V.Narayan
• Dr Sudhindra Kulkarni
• Dr Vasudevan
• Dr Savio Lorenco
• Dr Manoj Rajan
• Dr Anand Krishna Ghat
• Dr Kumarswamy
• Dr Krishnaswamy
• Dr Udatta Kher
• Dr C. K. Ashokan
• Dr Jeevan Aiyappa Chokanda
• Dr Prem Nanda
• Dr Dilip Deshpande
• Dr D. Arunachalam

When it comes to getting the tongue pierced, there are many risks and adverse effects involved. Firstly we will be simply focusing on the process involved in getting the tongue pierced.

Tongue Piercing Procedure

Firstly a marker is used to mark the spot on the tongue where the piercing will be placed. To prevent the tongue from moving it is held by some sort of a clamp. This prevents the needle from hitting a blood vessel or causing damage to a nerve by going through the wrong part. Usually a thick needle is then stuck into the tongue without the use of any anesthetic. The reason that no anesthetic is used is because the piercers are not licensed medical professionals. A long barbell that is about 18 millimeters long is then inserted into the hole that is made in the tongue. Using a short barbell is avoided since it can get trapped inside the tongue if its swells around it. The initial 18 mm barbell is usually replaced with a shorter one if the tongue piercing does not get infected.

Tongue Piercing Risks

While many people today find it attractive to get their tongue pierced, there are several health related risks involved in getting the tongue pierced, which include:

Infections:
While piercing the tongue, lip, or cheek may be attractive to some, there are a number of health-related risks associated with oral piercing, including:

• Damage to teeth: Coming into contact with tongue piercing can chip or crack the teeth.
• Problems with eating: The presence of tongue jewelry makes it difficult for people to eat.
• Loss of taste: Those who get their tongues pierced even end up losing taste of edibles.
• Problems with speaking: A piercing in the tongue also makes it hard for people to speak.
• Additionally, the gingival tissue can get injured, scar tissue can be formed and salivation can be increased because of the tongue piercing.

Tongue Piercing Adverse Effects
A tongue piercing can even cause life threatening adverse effects such as:

• Infections: The risk of infections is increased because of the bacteria present in the mouth and those that can be additionally introduced.
• Transmission of diseases: The transmission of organisms such as Hepatitis B, C, the herpes simplex virus, HIV, poses a potential life threatening risk factor when getting the tongue pierced.
• Airway obstruction: Severe swelling of the tongue can block the airway and make it difficult to breathe.

Thus overall tongue piercing is quite risky and people should therefore evaluate the risks before going forth with it.