Open the website www.pgntruhs.org and you would see 2 options – PG Admissions and MDS Admissions. The website would even show the following notes, which are important for you -

Note 1 : The Candidate has to pay the fee in any SBI Branch on or before 09-02-2012, Using Web Generated Challan before Bank closing hours.
Note 2 : Last date for Online Application Submission 10-02-2012, 05:00pm
Note 3 : Last date for Submission of Printout Application with Enclosures to University on 15-02-2012, 05:00pm

Select the one you want to apply, I did for the MDS Admissions, and it would open a page -

First step you need to do is to generate a challan. Click on the 2nd option in “Select your choice” category. It will take you to the page of Challan registration, where you need to enter all the details for the challan. Check the below screenshot for that:

Once you are done with that, you will get the Challan there itself on the website, which you need to get printed. If you don’t have a printer available with you, it is best to export the challan in a PDF format, and then take that file to the internet center and get the print out done, in LANDSCAPE mode, so that the three forms come one beside the other in a full A4 size page horizontally.

Now take that challan to any “State Bank of India” branch and submit it with the fee of Rs. 1050, and you would get the stamping and signature from the bank people after the payment is done. Now in the below picture I have highlighted 3 areas, one in each part of the challan copy. In that, you need to give the first copy (extreme left one) to the bank people, and the other two have to be taken by the student with them. Tear the challan paper along the line between the bank copy and applicant copy, and give the bank copy to the bank.

Now you need to login to the website for the online form filling. This cannot be done on the same day, because the processing of the challan would happen the next day, so if you are paying the challan today, you can login to the website tomorrow after 12 noon and submit the form. If you try to login on the same day, you will see a message:

You have Not Paid the Fee / Your Challan information is Not Updated From Bank, Please Wait upto 12:00 noon of the next day of Challan Paid Date.

To login to the website, you need to enter with the following details in the page when you click on “Filling of Online Application”:

Application no: The number given in the challan, just below the barcode and above the bank seal.
Password: Your date of birth (in my case, 03/11/1987 – Password is 03111987)

(The author is a final-year student of dentistry in Nizamabad’s Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences)

Studying and staying in rural areas is a real-time experience to learn and share. Rural people tend to have more faith in themselves than others. They look at every (or most? ) outsider with some suspicion.

I encountered one such patient who had visited our college with a swollen face due to a decayed tooth. Like thousands others in the village, she too believed that her tooth decay was caused by worms! I tried making her understand that it was not worms but germs that did the damage to her tooth.

We are taught and trained to be polite to the patients, however much they test our patience.

Excerpts from my conversation with Raziya – a stubborn 45-year old lady, who had more faith in the village baba masquerading as a doctor than a qualified doctor.

Raziya: You are a student, right? In which case you may not know much about this disease I’m suffering from.
Me: Since you know your problem, what is it that you seek here?
Raziya: No, no… I don’t know the exact problem… the baba in our colony told insects are eating away my tooth. I came here to get rid of them.
(I understood her concern. It was now time for me to make her place her belief in me, a doctor, than a village quack – not an easy task!)
Me: Insects? now where did you see insects from in your mouth? and who is that baba?
Raziya: He cures any diseases.. we villagers go to him for any health issues. For just Rs 10, he treats us well.
Me: Rs 10!! That’s a meagre amount. So what does he do to get rid of those ‘insects’? And why do you visit us if you are being treated by him?
Raziya: I knew you know nothing! Isn’t there any other doctors whom I can my problem? You are wasting my time and yours as well.
Me: there are a few doctors, but they would never check patients like you who come to us with a question mark for everything.
Raziya: what can this be, if not insects?
Me: its germs, not insects. micro-organisms which you can never see with your naked eyes. If they were insects, you would have been on the hospital bed already with many diseases. now I can treat this and help you if you stop visiting that baba and listen to me.
Raziya: do you charge for the treatment? (I went totally blank, not knowing how to handle such people)
Me: First tell me, would you help me treat you?
Raziya: Depends on how much you charge. I come from a poor family and we cannot afford expensive treatment.
Me: Don’t worry, there is a free dental camp running these days and its going to cost you nothing for the treatment. But I want to tell you that it’s not insects that caused the tooth decay.
Raziya: But that baba showed me an insect coming out of my mouth when I rinsed my mouth after he placed a small toothpick in my mouth and removed it.
Me: That’s a trick to make you people believe him… they are happy with whatever you pay.
Raziya: Everyone in this village visits him… many say that his treatment works well for many days and they feel relieved after he treats them.
Me: Not everyone has the same problem as yours…
Raziya: Ok Sir (This was the first time she called me as Sir! Obviously, sense was dawning on her!) Can you tell me how to get rid of the pain and the swelling?
Me: Yes I will give you some medication for a few days so that the pain and swelling subsides. Then we can decide what to do with the decayed tooth. But before that, you need to get an x-ray of that tooth.
Raziya: Will that cost too? How much?
Me: Come, I will get it done under my name and you will be charged nothing then.

(The X-ray was taken and medication was prescribed, both free)

Raziya: Sir, if the pain and swelling doesn’t get reduced after all this?
Me: Just follow my instructions. I will handle it if it doesn’t reduce. But if you still visit that baba, don’t expect these medicines to work on you.
Raziya: I won’t, Sir. But please help me get rid of the pain.
Me: I’m sure these medicines would work well. Come back in six days and then we will see what the situation is.

(After a week, she visits the hospital with a smile)

Raziya: The pain has been less and the swelling is totally gone. But when I eat something, the tooth pains a lot. What can be done about it?

(I knew it was again a hard situation, as the tooth was severely decayed and needed to be extracted, but she would look at me with a big suspicion if I told her that..)

Me: What do you think caused the tooth decay – insects or germs?
Raziya: There are no insects. I, too, checked it myself with a few other people. They say the baba is trickster and uses the toothpick to place an insect inside the tooth which comes out when we rinse the mouth.
(I heaved a sigh of relief… it was now easy for me to tell her everything about the line of treatment)

Me: So, finally you agree! The tooth, as you can see in the x-ray, has been damaged totally. It needs to be removed as the infection from tooth has caused your face to swell. If the tooth is removed, most of the future problems can be avoided and the pain too will vanish.
Raziya: Please do what ever you feel is better for me. I won’t question you more.

And then it was a good time for me explaining everything and going with the correct line of treatment, later she went to explain everything to her friends and family. Couple days later she came with 3 other ladies to me, explaining their problems.

Seeing all this I could easily see how backward the people in villages still are, and how hard it would be for people to spread awareness among them if they have a biased mind against people from urban areas trying to guide their betterment.

—

The baba which the lady was talking about, takes a toothpick with a hole and tiny worm near its tip. And after inserting the toothpick into the tooth, he waits for a couple minutes till the worm moves into the tooth. When it does, the baba asks the person to rinse the mouth and the worm falls out. This is not a big trick, but still these foul tricks are blindly believed by people in villages who develop a feeling of suspicion on the doctors.

—

This story is also a part of my participation of this dental contest and you can also see a few free dental care reports at their site.

The first guest lecture is delivered by
Dr. K.S. Nagesh,
Principal, Prof and Head,
Dept. of Oral MEdicine and Radiology,
D.A. Pandu Memorial R.V. Dental College, Bangalore

Topic – Oral and Maxillofacial Infections

The time has came to close the book on infectious diseases.
4 primary
Diarrhea, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Malaria
Upto 1/3rd of the world population has Tuberculosis.

Oral and Maxillofacial infections -

• Bacterial infections
• Viral
• Fungal
• Rareities
• Odontogenic
• Non-Odontogenic
• Opportunistic

Bacterial infections -

• Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis/Periodontitis
• Tuberculosis
• Bacterial sialadenitis

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis/ Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis -
Smokers and Immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with HIV infections.
ANUG exact cause not known
Proliferation of spirochaetes and fusiform bacteria
Soreness and bleeding of gingiva. Crater like ulcers, marked halitosus.
Management – Identify the predisposing factor, supragingival plaque control, gentle debridement of the gingival tissues, instruct to use the chlorhexidine mouth wash, and gentle toothbrushing.
Metronidazole drug of choice 200 m.g.

Tuberculosis -
M. tuberculosis and M. bovis
Worldwide endemix – upto 1/3rd world population
Resurgence of respiratory pulmonary disease
Immunodeficiency, malnutrition, non-compliance with drug regimes, AIDS-related phenomenon.
Primary oral involvement, secondarily sputum
Irregular painful lesion with undermined borders and covered by grey slough.
Commonly affects tongue, but other areas of oral mucosa, particularly towards the posterior parts of the mouth
May also present as white patches or granulating lesions.
Histopathology – Non-caseating granulomata. No. of acid fast bacilli on ZN staining. Culture of Mycobacteria seen.
Management – Look for pulmonary lesions. Referral to a chest physician too for lesions outside the field of oral medicine.

Bacterial sialadenitis -
Ascending Sialadenitis
Recurrent parotitis of childhood
Usually a secondary consequence of either a localized or systemic cause of reduced salivary flow
Also affect minor salivary gland.
Glang painful, tender, swollen, pain radiating to ear and temporal area.
Intraorally, duct may be swollen, reddened and duct papilla enlarged
Management – Penicillin group of drugs are antimicrobials of choice, adequate fluid intake, chewing saliva stimulants.

Odontogenic infections -

Causes – Dental caries, infected periapical pathologies – Dentoalveolar abscesses, periapical granuloma

Complications -
Ludwig’s angina
Infections in danger areas of face – Intracranial complications, brain abscess, sinus thrombosis, thrombophlebitis

Fungal infections of the oral cavity -

• Candidiasis
• Mucormycosis
• Histoplasmosis

Candidiasis -
Infections of skin, nails, mucous membrane, internal organs
Occurs as both primary and opportunistic infections
80% of HIV patients develop this disease
Complications – Palatal perforations, orofacial fistulas, secondary carcinomas.
Treatment -
Topica; – Clotrimazole 1% mouth paint, Ketoconazole 2% ointment for 5 mins, 4 times per day for 14 days
Systemic antifungal agents -
Ketoconazole tab 200 mg 4 times a day for 14 days
Fluconazole

Denture hygiene – Clean the denture thoroughly and regularly, and left out of mouth in Sodium hypochlorite soln.

Viral infections -

• Herpes simplex
• Varicella zoster
• Mumps
• Coxsaxckie virus
• Human papilloma virus
• Human immuno virus

Herpes Simplex Virus -
Herpes simplex type-1 oral mucosa, pharynx, skin
Herpes simplex type-2
Clinical features – Malaise with tiredness, generalized muscle aches and sometimes sore throat
Prodromal phase – 1-2 days followed by oral lesions
Complications – Post herpetic neuralgia. Anesthesia, paraesthesia, trigeminal neuralgia-like pains and persist for years, also reappear for prolonged absence, and fail to respond to any form of medical treatment.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome – Facial nerve involvement, during an episode of zoster reactivation. Facial weakness, loss of taste sensation, dizziness. Vesicular lesions in this conditions seen most on palate and around the external auditory meatus. Most cases, self-limiting condition that resolves with restoration of function, there may be permanent facial weakness in some cases.

Varicella Zoster Virus -
DNA virus, morphologically similar to HSV. Chicken pox and Herpes zoster
Vesicular eruption in an area of distribution of sensory nerve, and when it affects the trigemical nerve, the facial skin and oral mucosa in the sensory area may be affected.
Initial symptom – Prodromal pain severe and misdiagnosed as toothache lasting for 203 days Vesicles in a rash. Unilateral distribution of oral lesions.
Complications – Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve involved

Coxsackie virus -
Hand, foot and mouth disease -
Intraoral vesicles, ulcers. Macular rah with vesiculation seen

Mumps – Bilateral swelling of the parotid glands, although unilateral glandular swelling can occur.
Incubation period – 14-21 days
Transmission – Respiratory secretions and saliva
Ducts appear red, and inflamed.
Complications – Pancreatitis, Encephalitis, Orchitis, Oopedesis

Human Papillomavirus infections -
100 difference viruses which cause warty lesions on the skin and mucous membrane. Cauliflower like lesions on the lip are seen.

Investigations -
Cytology – Scraping from base of lesions, stained with Giesma, Wright’s stains.
Fluorescent staining
Isolation – tissue culture

Treatment – Antiviral drugs, within 72 hours
Decreased days of fever, pain, lesionsm and viral

Here was the topic -
NANO – Derived from Greek word signifies “Billionth”
Represents molecular level
Nanomedicine – Allows the physicians to perform precise interventions at the cellular and molecular level.
Nanodentistry – Maintenance of comprehensive oral hygiene techniques.

Nanophobia – The smaller a particle, the further it can travel through tissue, along airways or in the blood vessels. Especially if the particles are indestructible and accumulate and are not metabolized, if you accumulate them in the organs, then there is a possibility of the organs to fail.

There was some more extended talk on this, but i could write only this part, as was preparing the presentation for a colleague.

Changes in education – Teacher centric to Student centric.
Is education acquiring knowledge in a particular field?
Next thing Dr. Shetty talked about is – Dental Education.

Learning to know – Knowledge
Learning to do – Skills/Competency
Learning to work together – Team and group concept
Develop attitude – Positiveness

In India -

• No. of universities – 428
• No. of Institutions – Over 21000
• No. of Professional colleges – 600 Medical + Dental
• No. of Professional Students – 50000 Med + Den
• No. of Dental Colleges in India – 272 (Govt – 31, Private – 241)
• No. of UG and PG students in India – 21760
• No. of Post graduate institutions – 123
• No. of Post graduate students – 2279
• In Karnataka, No. of dental colleges – 43
• In AP, No. of dental colleges – 21
• PG Institutions Karnataka : AP – 32 : 11
• UG Students Karnataka : AP – 3200 : 1790
• PG Students Karnataka : AP – 696 : 201

Changes in Dentistry over years -

This is how the Oral Medicine Department changed since years, with addition of small other parts and topics like radiology, imaging and oncology into the Oral medicine subject.
- Oral Medicine
- Oral Medicine & X-Ray Dept.
- Oral Medicine & Radiology Dept.
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial radiology
- Oral Medicine, Maxillofacial radiology and Imaging system
- Oral medicine, Maxillofacial radiology, Imaging system and Head & Neck Oncology.

Department of Maxillo facial has been developing from a small department to a bug one with many inclusions in the following format -
- Oral Surgery
- Oral Surgery & Exodontia
- Oral & Maxillo facial Surgery
- Oral maxillo facial & Cranio facial surgery
- Oral maxillo facial, cranio facial & cleft surgery
- Oral maxillo facial, cranio facial, cleft and head & neck surgery
- Oral maxillo facial, cranio facial, cleft and Head & Neck and implants and Head & Neck oncology
- Oral maxillo facial, cranio facial, cleft and Head & Neck, implants, head and neck oncology and esthetic surgery.

Future of dentists and dentistry
20000 graduates are coming out every year, this adds to the existing 80000. PG seats that are available are 2279, so nearly 18000 students remain with BDS every year.
There is some need for some innovative programs with which the huge number of BDS graduates can be progressed further.

Role of DCI and University
To increase the efficiency and profitability
- Diploma courses were started.
- Starting of M.Sc. in Dental Materials. – This might be a good idea for producing professors for Dental Materials subject.
- Think about increasing the number of PG students? – This can be a step to produce more experts in specialized departments in dentistry.

Role to be played by Universities -
- Starting of fellowships and certificate courses
- Post MDS fellowship courses
- Post BDS fellowship courses

What can be done with Post – MDS fellowship?

1. Fellowship in Radiology
2. Fellowship in Head and Neck oncology
3. Fellowship in Maxillo facial plastic surgery
4. Post MDS – Ph. D can be introduced.
5. Post MDS – DNB (Diplomatic National Board) ???

What can be done with Post – BDS fellowship?

1. Fellowship in Micro Dentistry – Micro-surgeries
2. Fellowship in Esthetic Dentistry
3. Fellowship in Implantology
4. Fellowship in Clinical Research
5. Fellowship in Hospital Management
6. Fellowship in HIV/AIDS
7. Post BDS Ph. D ???
8. Post BDS DNB ???

Future in Dentistry – These are going to flourish in future!
Implant Dentistry
CAD-CAM Dentistry
NANO Dentistry
Stem Cells..

That was an excellent speech and innovative thinking from Dr. Shetty, who mainly focused on how the BDS doctors can pursue some specialization in future, rather than just being stuck with their BDS Degrees.
He also continued with some example pictures of changes in Implant Dentistry, Oral Invalids(Used when regular prostheses can not be given due to some reasons like anatomical factors, physiological, neuromuscular, pathological and psychological factors), Optical impressions in CAD-CAM dentistry and few other topics.