Fats are always a needed factor in out body. Total fat content in human body is about 27%. They help in increasing nutrient absorption, transmission of nerve impulse, maintaining cell membrane integrity, gain in weight, and also sometimes responsible for certain heart diseases.

Where is fat generally stored?
In men, fat is stored in the middle of the body, in the stomach region, whereas women store fat around their pelvis, thighs and butt regions.

Fats are generally good and bad fats when fatty acids are classifieds.

Bad fats include the Saturated fats and the Trans fats.

Saturated fats - These are the fats which are responsible for raising the total cholestrol level as well as the Low-Density-Lipoprotein cholesterol.
These are found in animal products such as meat, eggs, dairy products and seafood.
Plant products which have saturated fats are coconut oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil, which all contain high content of saturated fats in them.

Trans fats - These are formed when the liquid oils are hydrogenated. Hydrogenation process is done to increase the shelf life of the food. Due to this, trans fatty acids are found in packaged foods, commercially fried foods. Some fried foods include french fries, fast food chains, and other snacks such as microwaved popcorns.

Good fats include the Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats.

Monounsaturated fats - These fats lower the total cholestrol and Low-density-lipoproteins cholesterol. These increase the High-density-lipoproteins, which is the good cholestrol. Foods which contain high amount of monosaturated fats are Nut, canola oil and olive oils.

Polyunsaturated fats - These also lower the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Sea food such as salmon and fish oil, corn, soy, safflower and sunflower oils are high in polyunsaturated fats. One of the most essential fatty acid “Omega 3″ fatty acids belongs to this polyunsaturated fat group.

Migraine is a neurological disorder, which is mostly confused with headache by people who don’t have correct knowledge about it. Headache can be cured very easily by some mild dose of drug but migraine patients need special care and treatment.

When a person is suffering from migraine, he is in such a condition where he can not perform regular activities for a certain period. They become very much sensitive to light, sound and smell stimuli. Other common symptoms seen are nausea, vomiting and blurred vision. Migraine can last from a few hours to a week time. All the manifestations that can be observed in migraine patients are -

• Sensitivity to sound, light and smell
• Blurred vision
• Severe headache
• Diarrhea
• Pain in the neck region
• Abdominal pain
• High temperature
• Weakness of the body
• Dizziness
• Vomiting

There are 4 phases in Migraine, generally for any kind of diseases -

1. Prodrome - Early symptom, where development of the condition is prominent. Symptoms such as headache, fever etc. are seen during this phase.
2. Aura - A kind of disturbance seen in migraine sufferers before the migraine headache. Main symptoms are seen here.
3. Pain - Headache phase where the actual migraine headache is seen. High levels of headache is prominent here.
4. Postdrome phase - The final phase of migraine headache.

Migraine is caused by many reasons, mainly -
Exposure to smoke: Smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the major causes. According to a research, more than 50% of people who gave up smoking became migraine-free.

High stress: High stress periods, and then sudden rest can cause disturbances in the Central nervous system and can cause attacks of headache when resting. Too much sleep after high stress should be avoided to avoid these attacks.

Hormonal fluctuations: This can also be regarded as stress, which is caused by over excitement. During excitement, high levels of adrenaline is secreted and due to this, stress is experienced, and this triggers attacks of headache.

Irregular sleep: Too much or too little sleep is risky to cause migraine attacks. Long weekend sleeps are pleasent while sleeping, but after the sleep ends, the attacks may start. Regular routine of sleep have to be maintained.

Food habits: There are a lot of food habits that may not suit your body and cause many symptoms ultimately leading to migraine attacks. So a regular balanced diet should be maintained.

How to cure migraine?

Cure migraine by diet:
It is found that following certain migraine diets can reduce or eliminate the risks of migraine attacks. This includes eating of whole and natural foods and reducing the intake of processed or cooked foods.

Reduce certain things in diet:
Things like large amount of caffeine, red wine should be reduced. Along with this, dairy foods, nut products, chocolate, processed meat and alcohol intake should be decreased as they contain chemical addictives which may trigger migraine attacks.

Change in lifestyle:
Modify your lifestyle such that you get complete freedom from the tensions in your life. Pressure on brain should be minimized. It is almost impossible to change the lifestyle, but you may try to get adjusted to the better side of your life.

Lessen salt intake:
Higher salt intake can cause higher blood pressure, which has its repercussions on headache. So, the salt intake should be in control, which leads to lessen in risk of migraine.

Reduce stress:
Reduction of stress can largely decrease the development of migraine, so activities such as performing Yoga can reduce stress. There are many other mental activites which can lead to decrease in stress.

When a high blood pressure patient visits a doctor, the most common treatment that is given for that is drugs of some composition that helps in levelling the blood pressure. And the patient is also given various ways of diet control methods by which the regular heart beat and adequate blood pressure is maintained.
But usage of drugs is not always good as they may cause side effects, and also dietary control can lead to hypervitaminosis or also deficiency of vitamins to some extent is some food intake is controlled.
Here are a few ways by which you can very well maintain and control your high blood pressure:

1. Control salt intake - When people can’t think to control their diet or food intake, the best way to control your blood pressure is by decreasing your salt intake. The normal requirement of Salt to an adult human body is 0.5 grams. But about 6 grams of salt is taken all over every day. Higher sodium concentrations may lead to high blood pressure which further leads to heart disease and stroke.

2. Control your weight - Over weight or obesity can lead to cardiac failure and high blood pressure. So the weight of the body has to be controlled to a certain level which depends on the height and age of the body. There are many ways by which you can control your weight by not decreasing your food intake. By always physically active, being bedridden may make you obese very easily.

3. Smoking/Drinking - Avoid drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes. They are one of the major factors which lead to heart and kidney diseases through high blood pressure. Drinking more than twice a day can cause high blood pressure. For a heavy drinker, it is difficult to control blood pressure by any means.
Nicotine, a chemical in tobacco of cigarettes causes constriction of blood vessels and lead to higher blood pressure. Direct smokers or second-hand smokers, both have the risk of high blood pressure. Smoking through high blood pressure can lead to lung cancer, bladder cancer and heart disease.

4. Regular work habits - When at home or workplace, some small amount of works can always be good to maintain your blood pressure. According to a research, some lifestyle physical activity can decrease the systolic blood pressure by 10-15 points. Activities like working at the garden, or moving the vacuum cleaner, or other household activities.

5. Exercise and fitness - Being active always helps! Healthy benefits are always seen when you are physically active and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Swimming, cycling, jogging, skiing, aerobic dancing, walking are the various types of physical exercises. For people aged between 18 and 65, hourly exercise five times a week is enough to maintain good and healthy heart.

Then comes the drugs which are prescribed by the doctors/physicians which can reduce BP, but the 5 above need no advice of doctors, and are very natural methods of controlling BP and saving you from diseases.

Necrosis is defined as focal death along with degradation of tissue by hydrolytic enzymes which are liberated by the cells. Necrosis may be caused by various agents such as hypoxia, physical and chemical factors, microbial agents and immunological injury.
Irreversible cell injury can be caused by -
1. Cell digestion by lytic enzymes
2. Denaturation of proteins
These changes can be particularly seen by changes in the nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics. The cytoplasm appears homogenous and eosinophilic. The nuclear changes may be condensation of nuclear chromatin(pyknosis), may undergo dissolution(karyolysis) or fragmentation(karyorrhexis)

Morphologically there are 5 types of necrosis seen in humans, which include:

1. Coagulative necrosis - The most common type of necrosis with irreversible focal injury, mostly caused by sudden cessation of blood, generally Ischaemia. Less commonly by bacterial and chemical agents. The organs which are very commonly affected by coagulative necrosis are heart, spleen and kidney.

2. Liquefaction necrosis - Also called as Colliquative necrosis, is commonly due to ischaemic injury and bacterial or fungal infections. Thsi occurs due to degradation of tissues by the action of powerful hydrolytic enzymes. The places where liquefaction necrosis is commonly seen are Infarct brain and abscess cavity.

3. Caseous necrosis - This type of necrosis is found in the center of foci of the tuberculous infections. This necrosis has the combined features of both coagulative and liquefaction necrosis.

4. Fat necrosis - Fat necrosis is a special form of cell death that is caused at two anatomically different locations, and morphologically similar lesions. These lesions are -
Acute pancreatic necrosis and Traumatic fat necrosis. And this is commmonly seen in breasts.
In case of pancreas, there is liberation of pancreatic lipases, from the inflammed or injured tissues that results in necrosis of the pancreas and also on the fat deposits throughout the peritoneal cavity. This sometimes also affects the extra-abdominal adipose tissue.

5. Fibrinoid necrosis - Fibrinoid degeneration is characterised by deposition of fibrin-like material which has the staining properties of fibrin. This can be seen in various cases like immunological tissue injury, hypertension of arterioles, peptic ulcer etc.

Gangrene is a form of necrosis of tissue with superadded putrefaction.This is a type of coagulative necrosis that occurs due to ischaemia(e.g. in bowel, limb etc.).
Gangrene is classified into 3 types -
1. Dry gangrene
2. Wet gangrene
3. Gas gangrene

Dry Gangrene is a form of gangrene that occurs in the distal part of the limb due to ischaemia. One of the typical examples of a dry gangrene is on the toes and feet of an old patient due to Atherosclerosis.
Some other causes of Gangrene foot are Thromboangiitis obliterans(Buerger’s disease), Raynaud’s disease, trauma, Ergot’s poisoning.
Dry gangrene is usually initiated at the toe region which is farthest from the blood region, and contains very less blood where invading bacteria to grow into the necrosed tissue. This gangrene slowly grows slowly upwards and reaches a point where the blood supply is adequate enough to keep the whole tissue viable.
A “Line of separation” is formed between the gangrenous part and the viable part.

Wet gangrene is a type of gangrene that usually occurs in the moist tissues and organs such as the Mouth, Bowel, Lung, Cervix, Vulva etc. Diabetic leg is another example with high sugar content in the necrosed tissue which is favorable for the bacteria to grow.
Bedsores occurring in bedridden patients due to pressure on sites like the sacrum, buttocks and the heels is one more consideration of wet gangrene. Wet gangrene usually develops rapidly due to blockage of venous and less commonly arterial blood flow from thrombosis or embolism.
At the affected part, stuffed blood encourages the formation and growth of the invading bacteria. And the toxic products formed by the bacteria are absorbed causing the systemic manifestations of septicaemia, and then finally to death. There is no clear demarcation of any line of separation.

Gas gangrene is a special form of wet gangrene that is caused by a gas-forming Clostridia(which is a gram positive anaerobic bacteria), which enters into the tissues through open contaminated wounds, normally in the muscles. Or this invasion can also occur as a compilation of operation on colon which usually contains the bacteria Clostridia. The bacteria produces many toxins which can produce necrosis and oedema locally and are absorbed producing systemic manifestations.

According to an Israeli study, published by American Journal of Epidemiology, there is an effect on the parotid gland causing tumor if a regular cell phone user uses phone near the ear for more than 22 hours a month. The person’s risk of developing a tumor increases by 50%.

Agence France-Presse reported that the study said the tumor risk was even greater in people who fall under categories like usage of cell phone on a single ear side, non-usage of hands-free devices, and people in rural areas. The research was done on 402 benign and 58 malignant parotid gland tumor patients in the time period of 2001-03 in Israel, and for the age group of 18 years or older. The risk factors depends mostly on the conditions like the rural area users etc. For regular mobile phone use, regardless of duration, the risk estimates for malignant and benign tumors were 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3) and 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.5), respectively. The risk factor does not depend on the type of phones used, and also the time period for which it is used.

Earlier in 2004, there was a belief from a Swedish study that people who use a cell phone for more than 10 years might develop a rare benign tumor along a nerve on the side of the head where the phone is usually held to talk. Due to longer usage of cell phones, the radiations of cell phone effect the cells in the brain and lead to tumor.

Advice - For regular cell phone users, it is advised mostly to use hands-free devices to decrease the effect of cell phone radiations on the parts of the head and brain.